Indo European Folktales Study guide

Wide geological gathering with a typical etymological foundation William Jones established that Sanskrit was pay to Alan and Greek Proto-London European : no genuine verification this gathering of individuals existed Folklore Colloquial definition: is a folktale valid or not? Insightful definition: how does a story mirror the traditions or estimations of a people Precursors to the Grimm Anne Sexton connection to the Grams Snow White †Anne Sexton Focus: female magnificence Mirror theme Superficial male want †ladies is an object of excellence, man knows nothing else about her Mother-girl conflictQueen Is losing excellence with her age, Jealous of Snow White since Snow White Is turning out to be increasingly lovely Happy completion Snow White is made to seem as though a china doll † she Is excellent outwardly yet void on the Inside, an article to be seen Similarities Real topic Issues/topics are comparative Differences Narrative viewpoint †Anne Sexton utilizes †Å"l† and Identifies herself as a middle age witch She evaluated man controlled society †addressed a contemporary New England crowd New Issues/topic † she addressed a contemporary crowd, she discloses to her stories In present day structure applying them to the present society Angela CarterThe Bloody Chamber and Other Stories Rewrote a portion of the Blueberry stories She needed to concentrate on the wants/contemplations of ladies Believed ladies could show they had influence Not sentimental (rather than Anne Sexton who was progressively sentimental) Wrote â€Å"Tiger's Bride† dependent on the Beauty and the Beast and Tigers Bride (blended stories) Her Version of Tigers Bride Narrative point of view: included musings of Characters Bride †transitioning Father †terrible dad, bets everything ceaselessly Tiger †monster figure †not certain what Hess Like on the Inside Father sells her In a round of cards, brute simply needs to see her exposed He gives her his stuff and there are sexual experiences (since she turned on by the creature inside him and he drew out the creature in her) Themes of the story: social limitations, repression, code of respect that confined ladies, dismissing male centric culture, freedom of ladies (woman's rights), she doesn't go to spare her dad Regular rendition of Tiger's Bride Enemy of male centric society Patriarchy Ideals of the compliant spouse Western Tradition Wives submit themselves to beneficiary husband, husband is the leader of the wife and friend in need of her body Russian society The man is the head however the lady is the neck, the head will follow the neck where it turns Less man centric than western culture Wish Tales, all the Wives stories advance man centric culture Women's wants are nonsensical Female dangers to male centric society Pride (cleverness) Insatiable and silly want Disobedience Women are continually doing something contrary to what ought to be done Memento moor Remin der placed into canvases that you will inevitably bite the dust Ex: a blowout, everybody is having a great time, in an artwork, and a skull or crossbones as an update you are going to kick the bucket Death stories †tokens of death Deaths errand people Mourning A characteristic procedure, Just pain when all is said in done Have a type of service where we can externalities the despondency Monument Tale: the Mustard SeedMelancholy Initialization of distress Don't dispose of it Tale: The Place Where There Are No Graves Ate the dead bodies †actually disguised passing Parody Humorous/mocking impersonation Blatant disparities Criticizes unique Sheer Objects of Parody Disney Moral structure, innovation, family structures, Americanization Fairy Tales Ideals of Beauty Methods of Parody Pop culture references Irrelevant and unrefined diversion Problems with Parody No option offered Must depend on what it derides American Dream Used music and shading just because Made promulgation dur ing WI for the US Disney's Reworking of Fairy Tales Challenges: Length Objectionable topic Moral cloudiness Its difficult to transform a fantasy into a movie on the grounds that the fantasies are short, there's insufficient material, indistinct now and again and a few things are wrong Disney Formula Disney took oral stories Clear structure of good and malevolence Heightened sentiment Omits a ton of the savagery Romance replaces sex Clear characterized esteem framework Gender jobs are conventional Cultural generalizations Technology and structure Technology as a subject: enchantment Visual components vs†¦ He text Genre Hollywood melodic Characterization Formulaic nineteenth Century Melodrama Innocent Heroine Gallant Hero Evil Villain Minor Characters Secondary wives, creatures, dwarves, sidekicks for basic alleviation Family Structures Absent moms Absent or bumbling dads Americanization Democratic Protagonists are largely youngsters Domestic/agreeable job of ladies Rags to wealt h with individual inventiveness Made fun of honorability †especially American No immediate brutality between people †rather lifeless things (candles) or creatures Sublimation of Violence Irony Cinderella †viciousness between creatures rather than people Royal Dahl Skipping foundation and investigation because of time imperatives Verse structure Plot to some degree not the same as unique yet at the same time similarModern subtleties not from antiquated past †fit into current society Tales connected together in a fantasy world Fairy story crowd †what kids need to hear, didn't take out a significant part of the savagery or rough stuff Woman as a casualty †ridiculing this and gives his story a women's activist contort, ladies have a feeling of influence Techniques of spoof Form and style †rhyme with grown-up kind of funniness, utilizes a ton of slang, accentuates the distinction between stories at that point and now Characters and plot make us see the inconsistence in the first story Know his adaptation of Little Red riding Hood Gilles De Raise A blueberry figure Murdered kids Gunman the Accursed Historical reason for the blueberry character Murdered a few of his past wives and his fourth wife found the body chamber Real occasion Fourth wife was Saint Therein Saint Therein (see above) Jane Champion (the Piano) Had a blue channel on her piano The lady was quiet and just utilized the piano as a way to impart Her better half (a blueberry character) slashed off her fingers so she was unable to convey Margaret of Invader (the Heptathlon) Queen of Invader Defender of notable humanists and a few writers in her composing Important figure in her time Story speaks to husband excusing herRenaissance culture The Heptathlon Adulteress discipline Pretty high up in French respectability Progressive for her day Giovanni Vacation (The Dodecahedron) Philosophies Poetry of the individuals Everyday individuals are near nature and the occasions in th e past than the privileged Simplicity and legitimacy Tales are something natural Monogenic One birthplace of the accounts and afterward varieties emerged from that one variant Polynesia Multiple starting points of a similar sort of story in light of the fact that similar individuals are experiencing comparable encounters in better places Carol Jung †Archetypes Show us approaches to change and improvement Genres of Folktale Literature Legend: has verifiable establishing, is vague Ex: Johnny Applauded Fairy Tales: depend on enchantment to give dream answers for defeat issues Myths: account projection shaped into a story, relationship more profound with the universe Fable: moral, typically unequivocal, representation, short stories, consistently have creatures who, dislike fantasy would they say they were can talk through mysterious influence yet no enchantment is required for them to talk Everyday life circumstances Protagonists are creatures Moral truth NOT enchantment Animals g ive Didactic capacity The Stake Tales The PanchromaticFunction of Folktales Explanatory Traditional (go with customs) Social (help unite individuals) Schools of Folklore Inquiry Origin Form Meaning Style Origins: Early Stages Distribution and dispersal of folktales Grimm Frederic Max Mueller Scholar of Sanskrit Solar folklore: doesn't have anything to do with the sun, yet the normal world Folktales are clarifications of characteristic marvel Mueller Theodore Bendy German Orientals Studied Eastern societies Argued that stories started in India Folktales went through three significant roads: Oral customs from vendors Arabic and Persian Translations Contact among Muslim and European Origins: Historical and land strategy Reconstruct the historical backdrop of a specific story †take a gander at variants and triangulate what the basic cause is Methodology: gather all the known variations of a story; from Motif: reoccurring topic, every component in a table Type: a lot of themes hung together, a customary story that has a one of a kind requesting the themes Form Two significant schools Formalist Vladimir Prop Functions Actions that are taken by characters, how do these activity move the story, back it off, or impact the general structure of the story Ex: LORD meeting the wolf? What capacity does this have?Functions occur in a specific request 31 potential capacities, successive, however not all capacities show up in all stories Structuralism Levi-Strauss Myths mirror the intelligent structure of the human brain Binary restriction: two things in nature that are contradicted See formalist and capacities above Believed fables is an uncommon type of verbal fine arts of legends and writing have various morphologies that old stories has explicit structures Literary works have a writer, old stories works never have a writer Literature is steady, old stories changes freely of individuals' will Morphology: a credit of the story as indicated by its segment part and the re lationship of these segments to one another and to the entire Max Lithium and Style Stylistic Analysis Four Features of Folklore One Dimensionality Coexistence of a genuine and charmed world Happen to stroll from a genuine world into a captivated one Dependableness Absence of character inspiration Don't have to know the character history to realize their inspirations Often found in fantasies Lack of mental profundity Abstraction Extremes and shows contrasts Ex: troll eats a bull BC Hess so ravenous Fixed recipes:

Drug and Alcohol addiction in Teens Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medication and Alcohol dependence in Teens - Essay Example Additionally, at present, 46 percent of the understudies in secondary schools are consistent and persistent clients of these substances. Besides, in excess of 90 percent of the American populace, who meets the clinical models for compulsion, began utilizing medications and liquor a long time before the age of 18 years. Along these lines, the point here is that medication and liquor use inside the youngsters of the US is among one of the greatest wellbeing worries for the organization of United States (Park, 2011). One of the prime purposes for medication and liquor use inside adolescents is peer pressure. It is essential mental requirement for kids to be acknowledged into the social gatherings of their environmental factors and fit-in with their companions. Moreover, young people which originate from disturbed families, separated from guardians, lower salary class families and different sorts of grieved foundations neglect to get the perfect measure of consideration that they want from their folks, which puts them at more serious danger of going to exceptional lengths for standing out enough to be noticed from their companions. Besides, among different reasons, interest, history of medical problems, being exhausted, and others are a portion of the purposes for teenagers attempting medications and liquor (Kleiman, et al., 2011, p. 382). In the course of recent years, the general public and the media has been sending blended messages to youngsters with respect to sedate use. A few guardians and even instructive foundations have received this disposition that, â€Å"they are children and they will in the long run attempt it at any rate once, what’s the huge deal?† The most basic issue with this demeanor is that during the young and pre-adult years, the psychological pieces of the mind, which are liable for judgment, dynamic, and motivation control, are not completely evolved by at that point. In this way, if the youngster begins utilizing drugs during these early long stretches of life, the mind probably won't get the chance to see, totally, and handle the outcomes of

Monopoly and American values Essay Example for Free

Imposing business model and American qualities Essay In social orders everywhere throughout the world the tabletop game Monopoly is played by kids and grown-ups. The Parker Brother’s game has been sold in 37 unique dialects; more than 200 million duplicates have been sold, is professed to be the most mainstream game, and has additionally been sold in 103 nations. In America millions have played and is an ordinary and satisfactory â€Å"American Past Time. † From a functionalist point of view the prepackaged game educates and communicates a large number of the American qualities, for example, equivalent chance, individual accomplishment and achievement, acquiring material solace, progress, and the possibility of vote based system and free venture. The functionalist point of view speaks to society as framework containing different parts that all work together to accomplish social solidarity. In a post-modern culture, how does the round of Monopoly mingle individuals to the American Values? Society sure functions together and is very much organized to assist residents, government, and business visionaries. The table game Monopoly has numerous standards and standards. There have even been Monopoly Etiquette Guides composed for the genuine players just as competition players. The suggested age for play is eight years old and more seasoned and at least two players. In America the majority of those with kin of kids see how wrong a round of Monopoly can transform into a major battle. The standards of the game are entirely simple to follow. The object of the game is to turn into the wealthiest player through purchasing, leasing and selling property. Every player is offered $1500 to start the game. A player must be chosen to be the broker and sell property, houses, inns, and pay the $200 compensation that is gathered each time a player passes go. The financier is additionally answerable for gathering fines and expenses owed. The spaces on the board are completely named and incorporate; GO, Jail, Chance, Community Chest, Taxes, Free Parking, and pay lease when arriving on an opponent’s improved property. Every player is spoken to by a token which is an image of the game. These incorporate; a wheel dump cart, a vehicle, an iron, a thimble, a rancher on a pony, a pooch , a pot of gold, a top cap, a boat, a boot, or a gun. Every player is liable to failing, subsequently expanding the different player’s possibility of discovering riches. American culture is fundamentally the same as the round of Monopoly. Players are associated to these thoughts which speak to the estimations of America. Equivalent open door is educated by everybody starting with a similar measure of cash, $1500, just as $200 compensation gathered with every turn around the board. Individual accomplishment and achievement is shown on turning into the wealthiest player and to possess the most property. Endeavoring and working for material solace is educated through gathering a pay and improving your claimed properties, just as gathering rent. Progress is an incentive in America that is assessed by citizenry every day. Progress in the game Monopoly is estimated by riches and property claimed and making a restraining infrastructure on assets, structures, and property. The last significant American worth educated to players is majority rules system and free venture. The accord of Monopoly is that it is a pleasant game to play. The show capacity of Monopoly is to engage a gathering of players whether they are youngsters, youths, or grown-ups. The dormant capacity is instructing players to consider exclusively themselves and not their neighbor who they should help. Insatiability is instructed because of the accentuation of turning into the wealthiest player. The most seen inactive capacity of Monopoly being causing untruthfulness, outrage, and in any event, battling between contenders. Despite the fact that there are a few negatives against the game the most significant job is advancing social solidarity by empowering a superior network exertion. Progress takes everyone’s help not only a couple. Two alternatives were given for an exploration task toward the start of the course. Choice one was to pick a class from; film, sports, or publicizing. The subsequent choice was to peruse a book outside of class that centers around Wal-Mart, the lowest pay permitted by law employments for ladies, or how inexpensive food has made a â€Å"now† interest for all of America’s administrations. The alternative chose for an individual intrigue was sports. All the more explicitly how sex assumes a job in the dashing scene. How are ladies and men treated in an unexpected way? A significant spotlight will be on racing and how circumstances are different as far as could reasonably be expected and can't race as showed by NHRA (National Hot Rod Association) Drag Racing. Taking everything into account Monopoly helps educate and spread the thoughts of American culture. Players are to turn into the wealthiest and may have a higher economic wellbeing as they can win Monopoly. An investigation in 2005 found that American’s esteem self articulation more than endurance. (Macionis pg. 49) This is even instructed through Monopoly by having the option to choose how you manufacture your property and by picking your game piece to speak to yourself. A near report found that in 1969 the objective of first year understudies was to â€Å"Develop an important way of thinking of life† as opposed to 2005 first year undergrads are needing â€Å"to be off financially†. (Macionis pg. 56) Today in America having riches is looked for by all residents however not many discover extraordinary riches. As per the estimations of American’s material solace ought to be worked for and can be a higher priority than endurance. With the thoughts of vote based system and free venture being key ideas of the game it isn't unexpected to find that all around roughly 46% of the universes nations are â€Å"politically free†. (Macionis pg. 44) Although the game has been distributed in 37 unique dialects, English is an exceptionally basic first language just as a typical second language over the globe. (Macionius pg. 47) Following a similar idea almost the entirety of the United States communicates in English or Spanish in the home. (Macionius pg. 56)This takes into account the further affirmation of the American Values to numerous social orders. In general the round of Monopoly mingles individuals of numerous societies to the American qualities. The entirety of the American qualities urge an individual to think by and by instead of all inclusive.

Hinduisms Main Principles

Hinduism is one of the most seasoned and far reaching religions on the planet; as of now it is polished by individuals who may live in altogether different nations. This paper is planned for talking about the primary standards of Hinduism, it social perspectives and its effect on the general public in the United States. Promoting We will compose a custom article test on Hinduism’s Main Principles explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The information on these issues is significant for understanding the assorted variety of present day social orders in which individuals may have various convictions, values or even view of God. By and large, one can distinguish the accompanying attributes of Hinduism, to be specific the acknowledgment of various strict perspectives, the faith in resurrection of soul, and the possibility that God can take a wide range of structures. Besides, it ought to be noticed this religion is currently polished in numerous Western nations, for example, the United States and its quality expands the decent variety of present day American culture and makes individuals increasingly mindful about the assortment of strict convictions. Above all else, Hinduism is hard to characterize in light of the fact that this religion fuses an assortment of convictions that perceive the ethical authority of the Vedas which are strict writings starting from old India (Mittal and Thursby 3). Additionally, Hinduism incorporates a few categories or gatherings of individuals who may have various customs. It ought to be noticed that there are a few unmistakable highlights of Hinduism. Positively, the supporters of this religion acknowledge the presence of God as a more powerful that made the universe. In addition, God is available in each living being. However, Hindus imagine that an individual can venerate God in various structures. The god can have various characters, for example, Shiva, Vishnu, or Brahma (Neusner 186). It is hard to decide if Hinduism is monotheistic or polytheistic religion. Indeed in some section of Hinduism, individuals can acknowledge the presence of a few divinities (Neusner 186). In this way, Hindus don't acknowledge the possibility that God can take just one structure. This is one of the issues that individuals ought to recollect. In addition, individuals should consider that Hinduism did not depend on some particular ordinance or a lot of composed sources. The Vedas do assume a significant job in the lives of Hindus, however different strict pioneers could give their own understanding of God and ethical quality. Besides, it is significant that this religion doesn't set direct prerequisites for the admirers who may follow distinctive strict customs. All the more critically, Hinduism doesn't dismiss different types of strict confidence. It isn't against Judaism, Christianity, or Islam. Hindus don't contend that their view on God and the universe is the main conceivable one. These are the principle qualifications of the religion and individuals ought to recall about them while interfacing with Hindus.Advertising Looking for exposition on religion philosophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One ought to likewise talk about the way of life of Hinduism. It ought to be mulled over that Hinduism advanced throughout a few centuries during which Indian subcontinent saw numerous political, social, and segment changes. Besides, Hinduism can be rehearsed in various nations, for instance, India, Sri Lanka, or Bangladesh. This is the reason one ought not assume that this religion is constantly connected with some unmistakable social qualities or practices. There are a few ceremonies that play a significant life in the social existence of Hindus, for instance one can make reference to, various types of yoga, or celebrations such Gudi Padwa and Bihu (Kaur 1968). These celebrations are held by Hindus who may live in various nations. B esides, Hinduism acknowledges the possibility of material belongings and even exotic delights given that an individual doesn't damage the moral standards, particularly on the off chance that he/she doesn't confine the opportunity of others. Furthermore, it is conceivable to distinguish a few social qualities that Hindus generally perceive, specifically, the regard for older folks, humility, and acknowledgment of ones confinements and shortcomings. Along these lines, this religion focuses on the modesty of a person. These social qualities influence Hindus’ relations with others. Moreover, one should take note of that Hinduism would now be able to be polished in the United States for over a century. Absolutely, this religion isn't trailed by most of the notoriety. However, these days, Hindu sanctuaries can be found in various pieces of the nation, for example, one can make reference to such states as California, Illinois, New York, etc (Neusner 180). Numerous Hindus live in suc h urban zones as Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, or New York (Neusner 180). This religion is trailed by individuals who came to America from India or Sri Lanka. There are a few manners by which this religion impacts the general public. Above all else, one can make reference to that American individuals have gotten increasingly mindful about strict and social practices that may exist in non-Western nations. The nearness of Hinduism makes individuals increasingly mindful of the way that there are different types of strict confidence, and they can contrast from the Judeo-Christian convention which is prevailing in the United States. A portion of these practices have gotten extremely well known, for example, one can make reference to Yoga that is exceptionally mainstream among numerous individuals. Along these lines, the impact of Hinduism can be viewed as positive since this religion underscores the need of resilience and regard toward the perspectives on others.Advertising We wi ll compose a custom article test on Hinduism’s Main Principles explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Overall, I have an inspirational disposition toward Hinduism, despite the fact that I didn't have direct contacts with this religion. As it has been said previously, it acknowledges various types of love and strict confidence and it isn't against different religions. This component significantly advances to me on the grounds that the supporters of Hinduism don't feel that their strict perspectives are in any capacity better than those of others. Also, Hinduism doesn't force certain limitations on admirers. They don't need to adhere to specific principles, while loving God. At the end of the day, these individuals have a general level of opportunity. Along these lines, an individual, who isn't associated to any religion, may have a great mentality toward Hinduism. Absolutely, my judgment might be emotional, and increasingly precise appraisal can be given in the event that I get familiar with the convictions and moral rules that Hindus perceive and different divisions of this religion. Overall, these models propose that contemporary Hinduism is an energetic religion that would now be able to be polished in Western and non-Western nations. Its standards remember the dismissal of fanaticism and accentuation for the freedom of a person. Over the span of its history, it experienced a few huge changes, however it remains engaging numerous individuals to a limited extent since Hindus don't guarantee their view of God is preferred or progressively exact over the convictions of others. The nearness of Hinduism in the United States can be viewed as a constructive power since American individuals can get familiar with the moral and social parts of different religions. Works Cited Kaur, Raminder. Performative Politics and the Cultures of Hinduism: Public employments of Religion in Western India, Delhi: Anthem Press, 2005. Print. Mittal Sushil, and G. Thursby. Examining Hinduism: key ideas and strategies, New York: Routledge, 2008. Print.Advertising Searching for article on religion philosophy? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Neusner, Jacob. World Religions in America: An Introduction, Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2009. Print. This exposition on Hinduism’s Main Principles was composed and presented by client Malcolm Mason to help you with your own examinations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Motivation of Your Employees

Motivation of Your Employees One of the key objectives that should feature in any business and organizational plan is motivation of one’s employees. It goes without saying that a motivated workforce is a more creative and productive one. Innovation is necessary to produce quality work. Only driven employees would put in the effort to find better methods to deliver quality output in the most efficient manner possible. The more engaged and motivated your employees are, the more it helps with reducing turnover. Those who frequently look out for better opportunities may be the ones with great potential while the ones who stay on could be just settling for their circumstances.Is the current global workforce as motivated as it should be? And if it isn’t, what is the best way to improve the situation, starting with your company? © Shutterstock.com | BoBaa22This article will take you through 1) eye-opening employee engagement statistics, 2) 7 key reasons why employees feel de-motivated,  3) motivation strategies differ for each  worker, and  4) the best ways to motivate employees.EYE-OPENING EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT STATISTICSWhat follows are some eye-opening (and startling) employee engagement statistics:Only 30 percent of employees worldwide feel inspired and engaged by their careersClose to half (48%) of employees across the globe detest their jobs18 percent of employees globally are actively disengaged meaning though they are present at work, they hate it completelyHighly engaged employees were 87 percent less likely to leave their companies than their disengaged counterparts3 out of every 4 people who leave their jobs of their own will, aren’t quitting their jobs but their bossesLess than half of the workforce (40 percent) were aware of their company’s goals, tactics and strategiesOrganizations with grea tly engaged employees accomplish double the annual net income of those whose employees are not so well engaged (as per an analysis of 64 organizations)7 KEY REASONS WHY EMPLOYEES FEEL DE-MOTIVATED © Flickr | Mike LewisHere’s a look at some of the chief triggers for employee de-motivation:1. No Recognition or Feeling of ValueWhen employees are not recognized or given credit for a job very well done or immense efforts they have put in towards a project, they become demotivated. They lose interest and may not even want to try thinking innovatively, get some extra work done or even just perform their role with feelings of obligation and energy because their boss doesn’t seem to care or notice their hard work and dedication.2. Unrealistic Demands or Work LoadWith the idea of getting a lot of work done and fast, ambitious bosses may place heavy and unrealistic workloads upon the shoulders of their employees. Though holding staff to high standards is not really a bad thing, it does become bad when managers cross the line by being too demanding or overburdening with them. Asking employees to carry out the truly impossible, or insisting that they complete projects over the weekend s even when they’re not time-sensitive would invite low morale and decreased productivity from them.3. MicromanagementMicromanagement may be defined as a management style characterized by the manager closely (excessively) observing and supervising the work of his employees or subordinates. The manager may not mean any harm by his micromanagement however it can be irritating and bothersome to his employees. The reason is that it tells them he doesn’t trust their judgement and thereby contributes to a loss of motivation. The employees disengaged by the micromanagement may leave for the sake of more freedom or, if the manager is lucky, continue to stay but just muddle through.4. Job InsecurityAs per a survey by Human Resource Services Inc, job security is the most important factor for employee motivation. So this means, insecurity in the job place can wreak havoc when it comes to employee retention. If an employee is at an expendable job or working in an unstable company, he may ju st put in the necessary effort to keep getting his salary. The rest of his energy will be spent on updating his resume, gossiping with co-workers, looking for a more stable job elsewhere and planning his jump.5. No ProgressThe majority of employees feel happy when there is continuing learning potential in their company and they have a feeling of growing in their knowledge and skills. Even progress in the form of small workplace accomplishments are triggers for motivation. If on the other hand, employees feel uninspired and stagnant, their enthusiasm and engagement will drop. In addition, if an employee is trying to introduce a new idea or change and it has to pass through lots of red tape, he’s going to lose all the fervor and drive he began with.6. Conflicting or Otherwise Unpleasant Co-WorkersResearch from Gallup reveals that close friendships at work cause a 50 percent increase in employee satisfaction while having a close friend at work increased the likelihood of engagement i n work by seven times. So, one can just imagine what would be the outcome of having bullying, intimidating or otherwise unpleasant or conflicting co-workers. Even if the job is well-paying and offers opportunities for career growth, if there are back-stabbers, the result would be misery and stress.7. BoredomResearch time and again shows that Gen X (roughly people born in the period from the mid 1960’s to 1980) and Gen Y (roughly people born in the period between 1980 and the year 2000) employees today long for a job that is personally satisfying or allows them to apply their personal interests in their job. According to a Philips Work/Life Survey, close to 3 out of every 4 (68 percent) working Americans are willing to accept a salary cut in the midst of a competitive job market and chaotic economy as long as their job enables them to incorporate their personal interests into it. The results of a recent LinkedIn poll support the increasing yearning for fulfillment among the people of different geographies and age groups.MOTIVATION STRATEGIES DIFFER  FOR EACH WORKERThe level of employee engagement can differ based on variables such as occupation or industry or more personal characteristics such as an employee’s education level, age, gender and duration of service at the company. So, managers face the challenge of matching their workers with the right motivation strategy. Given below are a few of the conclusions drawn from studies Gallup conducted in the period between 2010 and 2012 with different sections of the U.S. population:Employees in possession of a college degree have engagement levels that are lower than those seen among employees in possession of a high school diploma or even less than that. This indicates that managers need to improve on their investment in the employees with higher degrees by identifying ways by which they can capitalize on and honor all that they have achieved.Employees in production and manufacturing are among those business se ctor employees who are the least engaged. The reason could be that the management culture in these sectors concentrates more on process than on people. So, if some more management culture could be devoted to people with respect to these industries, considerable benefit in employee motivation and engagement can be expected.The job-hopping tendency is particularly common among millennials (Gen Y). As such, it would be wise if the manager offered this group lots of opportunities to learn and progress. This would contribute to increased retention of the millennial generation.When compared to other generations, Baby Boomers (those people born in the period between 1946 and 1964) respond better when their managers devote extra effort to showing they care. So to optimize engagement of baby boomer employees, managers may do well to show interest in them by inquiring about their work or other key areas of their life.Bob Nelson: Employee Motivation, Reward, Retention and Recognition Expert, K eynote Speaker THE BEST WAYS TO MOTIVATE EMPLOYEESThe best methods of motivating employees may be grouped into six sections, each of which are described in detail in the ensuing paragraphs.1. Effective CommunicationThere are two key aspects to effective communication for employee motivation,  Communication of information that affects an employee’s workThis is essential and would make the employee feel that he belongs to the  in-crowd (people who are aware of the happenings at work the moment their colleagues become aware of it). Make it a point to keep your employees  up-to-date on things like customer feedback, changing due dates, product improvements, new interaction structures or departmental reporting, and training opportunities. By doing so, your employees would be able to make better decisions about their work as and when there are changes. A good rule to follow would be to share more than you consider necessary, at least till you get the hang of it. If there are employees w ho would be particularly affected by one or more changes, spend additional time communicating with them in terms of how the change would affect their decisions, job, time allocation and goals.More attention and an open-door policy As per information from a 2012 Global Workforce Study, when compared to immediate supervisors, senior managers had a greater role in attracting discretionary effort from employees. The study incorporated close to 90,000 staff from 18 countries. So, it shows that if an employee gets to spend extra time with his boss, he would feel rewarded by the attention.It is a good idea to initiate an open-door policy so that employees can feel free to share their legitimate ideas, concerns or complaints with their manager(s). Even if an idea cannot be implemented or a particular complaint or concern cannot be resolved wholly to the employee’s expectation, the employee would appreciate the fact that it was looked into or addressed by the management.Show interest in th e employee’s life events by asking about vacation trips, congratulating on a baby’s arrival and things like that.2. AppreciationEmployees deliver parts of the overall picture and every part is important. So, appreciation of hard work and projects delivered extremely well will make employees feel good about themselves and also valued, while giving them the drive to keep putting in their best. It is good to recognize individual employees as well as show appreciation for all employees as a group when their team effort resulted in some accomplishment. Just a few minutes of recognition can create a great change in an employee’s attitude to work.Individual RecognitionIf a particular employee has accomplished something really exceptional, his manager caninvite the employee into his office and personally commend him for the good job, or,send him an email of appreciation or,praise him with a public announcement or,post the employees achievement on the bulletin board.Group RecognitionHe re are two ways to show appreciation for the dedication and solid work contributed by the company’s employees as a group:Once in a week, employees can be sent emails, newsletters or updates that let them know their hard work is bearing fruit.A meeting can be held which incorporates talk about how employee efforts are helping the company achieve its goals.It is okay to be open with employees about room for improvement in their work. However, ideally, it is good to provide employees with more praise than negative feedback.3. Rewarding Your EmployeesRewarding your employees is a great way to show them just how happy you are with their dedication, impressive behavior (with a customer or client) and outstanding efforts. While on the one hand, an effective reward system will make your employees feel on top of this world, on the other hand, it is also a tool by which you can make known the behaviors or actions which you repeatedly expect from your employees. So a suggestion would be to s et aside a certain kind of reward or recognition that comes with specific information about the requirements (or targets) to be achieved to get that reward or recognition. Only a person who performs at the standard or level described in the qualifying criteria would get the reward.Given below are some ideas for monetary and non-monetary rewards.Monetary rewardsFree lunch/dinner for just the employee or for him and his better half too,Sponsored car wash and a tank of full serve gas,Tickets to a popular sports event.Non-monetary rewardsAllowing the employee to work from home for a day,Letting him come in casual dress on a specific day,A plum assignment â€" let your employee choose the assignment he can work on next,A vacation day,Another suggestion is to personalize the rewards by thinking about what kind of reward would make a particular employee most happy.4. Realistic Work LoadThe workload for each employee should be balanced and realistic. Too much on an employee’s plate can dem otivate him and too little can make him lazy and/or result in attention lapses. To come up with a suitable workload, it would help to analyze how much work an employee usually performs, the work environment, mental and physical requirements for the job and how much time is there on hand to get the work done. Deadlines should be practical too. One can consider encouraging employees to be open about when they feel their workloads are too much for them to bear so that the workloads can be adjusted accordingly.Apart from the quantity of work, it would be ideal if employees get projects that incorporate aspects of personal interest to them. According to a Philips Work/Life Survey, close to half of the American population (47 percent) claims that the motivation for coming to their present job is the ability to live their passions and this shows in their work.5. A Pleasant Work EnvironmentAs employees spend a fair amount of their day within the walls of their office, it would really be wor th it to make the office look and feel as welcoming and comfortable as possible. When employees feel happy in their work environment, they feel motivated to work. Here are some tips for creating a pleasant work environment:FoodKeep snacks in the office, and/or ensure there’s enough coffee or tea in the kitchen to help your employees get through the day. One can even consider giving their employees special treats once in a week or month such as pizza or bagels and donuts. Keep in mind that there should be something for the health conscious and weight conscious too.LightingIf harsh fluorescent lights cannot be avoided, one can consider keeping at least a few low watt bulbs that are not as harsh on the eye. In addition, positioning employees close to windows where they can get some natural light and fresh air will make them feel less suffocated.TemperatureThe temperature in the office should ideally be temperate (neither too cold nor too hot). Very hot or freezing temperatures can ha ve a negative effect on employee motivation.WallsEmployees will look at their walls often. So, it is a great idea to use wall space as a canvas for stuff that motivates such as a few motivational slogans (don’t go overboard with it) or posters that indicate that the company is progressing. It is a nice idea to have a bulletin board where employees can put up birthday cards, pictures or other stuff that they can share with their colleagues.6. Social Outings and EventsThese kinds of events will help the company’s employees get better acquainted with their co-workers and possibly establish friendships with them. The friendly relations thus developed with their colleagues are again, fuel for motivation. Given below are some suggestions for team and social outings and events:Establish a softball league or bowling team: This is great for fostering team spirit as well as colleague-colleague bondingOne can allow employees to have lunch together outside, once a monthOne can encourage emp loyees to join volunteering causes in teams. This again helps in creating team bonding while making the employees feel a sense of satisfaction at doing something for society.The surprising truth about what motivates us The power of employee motivation should never be underestimated. Devoting time and effort to improving employee engagement is definitely worth it considering the rewards you’ll reap from doing so, in the long term. Image credit:  Flickr | Mike Lewis under Attribution 2.0 Generic.

Maldives’s Communication Strategy Essay - 275 Words

Maldives's Communication Strategy (Essay Sample) Content: Communication strategyStudent name:Course code:Instructor:Date:IntroductionSuccessful advertising involves a sequence of events and tactical steps that are combined to effectively communicate a message. The planners must choose a suitable media to ensure the advertisement reaches the targeted audience. Through a sequence of advertisements a communication model has to ensure that a link is created between the communication effect and the brand being advertised so that consumer brand purchasing can be achieved. There are four main steps a communication model has to take into consideration. The first one is the buyer which consists of the audience targeted as well as the action objectives. The second is the brand and it is in this step that the communication objectives are outlined. The third is the advertisement which involves the processing objectives and the final step involves media. Media is the type of medium to be used to expose the advertisement and this comprise s of radio broadcasting, television, print media as well as digital media.There are various theoretical frameworks used during the development of an advertisement in a particular advertising campaign. The famously used frameworks include the means-ends theory, visual as well as verbal frameworks and hierarchy of effects. By utilizing the model hierarchy of effects, the advertising campaignà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s core objectives are effectively clarified and so are the objectives of that particular advertisement. The concept stipulates that there are six steps a consumer navigates through before making the final purchase decision. These steps include the awareness step, the knowledge step, the liking step, the preference step, the conviction step and finally actual purchase (Clow Baack, 2004). The concept principally assists the creative in interpreting the advertisementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s impact on viewers. It basically acts as a guide towards the accomplishments an advertisement or various marketin g communications must achieve. With regards to means-end theory, the concept talks about the means that leads to a customerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s desired final or end state.Consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s end states are diverse values depicted in customers and the values are always personal to a specific consumer. Means-end theory borrows its concept from the MECCAS model, a strategy used to utilize several factors in developing advertisements. These factors are the attributes of the product or service, leverage points, consumer benefits, personal values and finally an executing framework. Verbal as well as visual images are advertisement elements that are used to make a message more understanding as well as easy to remember. A perfect blend between the visual images and verbal is necessary for an advertisement to deliver its message and for a long time remain in the consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s memory.Other aspects that the creative has to consider when using a communication model, is the advertisement appeals . There are several advertisement appeals including; fear, sex, rationality, humour, music, scarcity and emotions. These appeals are selected depending on the communication method to be used and the advertisementà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s objectives as per the analysis in the creative brief. The fear approach is based on the theoretical framework known as behavioural response model. Fear stimulates the interest of a viewer and also increases the level of persuasiveness of an advertisement. Humour is used in an advertisement to ensure the viewerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s attention is caught. It is also used so that the viewerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s attention can be sustained for longer periods. Sex appeals are when sex or nudity is used to stimulate a viewerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s attention. Musical appeals are used as an accompaniment of the visual information. They are used for purposes of retention because when consumers recall a song, it is assumed that they will also recall the advertisement associated with it. Scarcity appeal s are used to portray a brand as limited. Time limitations or availability are used to stimulate a consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s interest. Emotional appeals are used when an advertisement seeks to create an attachment connecting a consumer to the brand. Finally rational appeals work based on hierarchy of effects concept since they exploit the ability of consumer information processing.Maldivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s marketing strategyThe Maldives marketing department as well as the PR employs a range of advertisement strategies using different frameworks to convey a message about Maldives as the best tourist destination. By using various media to expose the message, the global audience is able to discover what kind of experiences they offer through various advertisements. Among the major media used to advertise by the Maldives is TV commercials, radio broadcasting print media and digital media.Print and digital mediaPrint and digital media is used by the Maldives to offer customers brand knowledge. Usi ng a website, interested customers all over the world visit the site and acquire more information that influences their purchase decision. The site has photos and videos with appealing visuals that depict Maldives as the best destination for honeymoons, diving expeditions and a place with interesting culture and traditions hence a strategy to utilize emotional appeals. Customers are also offered the opportunity to download brochures and visitor guides which can provide in-depth information about the destination. The Maldives also uses social media platforms through digital media to attract the attention of global customers. An example is an advertising campaign using twitter to promote the slogan "Maldives the sunny side of life." Other avenues include face book, where a page is filled with helpful information that can easily be accessed by online customers.Maldives marketing as well as PR corporation has recently also released an array of mock-up billboards which exhibit a new bran ding of the Maldives dabbed "always natural." Through the usage of superior graphics to produce visual images accompanied with clear messages, the Maldives marketing have been able to utilize the executing framework according to the means-end theory to expose their message to the audience. The marketing department has also through MECCAS methodology used specific messages on the bill boards to describe the destinationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s attributes, what tourist benefit from visiting and creating leverage point by using the new slogan "always natural" and an attractive logo exposing the destinationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s rare natural characteristics.Radio advertisingAn example is the case where the Maldives used RNE radio to promote the destination in Spain. By targeting the Spanish audience radio worked as a medium to expose a visual image of the destination to the Spanish people. As a result, more visitors from Spain were reported to have visited the Maldives. In this case, the use of a framework th at utilizes verbal as well as visual imagery was used. Visual imagery is a core factor for consideration when an advertisement is targeting an international scene (Okazaki, 2011). Visual Esperanto is used to create a universal language used to break the barriers that can affect a brandà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s advertisement globally due to cultural and other forms of diversity (Messaris, 2002).TV commercialsA while back, the Maldives partnered with BBC to assist in accessing an upmarket audience across the globe. By staging TV commercials advertisements that stimulated appeals such as emotional as well scarcity, the advertisements showcased the Maldives as a destination with white sands, attractive weather and beautiful turquoise lagoons. The commercial managed to invoke emotions as well as present Maldives as a destination that offers quality in comparison to other global destination. As a result global customers who interpreted the quality presented through the advertisement were influenced and hence an increase in the numbers of tourist from abroad. Currently the Maldivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s TV commercial that airs on CNN with the slogan "the sunny side of life" used a dual-coded message by using visuals and music to invoke appeals in the audience. The advertisement shows people enjoying the coast and sea life and also displays a couple enjoying a honeymoon. The advertisement not only stimulates emotional and music appeals but also creates leverage points by using the people in the advertisements to exhibit experiences the audience can relate to. The advertisement is able to expose the five elements suggested in the MECCAS model by showcasing the destinationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s attributes such as amazing sandy beaches, turquoise waters and green forests among others. These attributes are used to make a viewer recall the Maldives whenever a tourist destination comes in mind. By exposing the qualities and the unique characteristics of the Maldives, the advertising frame assists consum ers to comprehend what personal value the advertising message communicates.AnalysisRadio broadcasting as a medium for advertising can be effective when trying to create a visual image in international advertising. Another appeal that can be incorporated in the creating of visual image using radio broadcasting as medium is music. Music not only creates a visual image but also enhances the emotional aspects involved in an advertisement. By using this approach, the advertisement will have an increased persuasiveness and will have a long-term effect on the consumer since musical...

History of the Oven From Cast Iron to Electric

Ancient people first began cooking on open fires. The cooking fires were placed on the ground and later simple masonry construction was used to hold the wood and/or food. Simple ovens were used by the ancient Greeks for making bread and other baked goods. By the middle ages, taller brick mortar hearths, often with chimneys were being built. The food to be cooked was often placed in metal cauldrons that were hung above the fire. The first written historical record of an oven being built refers to an oven built in 1490 in Alsace, France. This oven was made entirely of brick and tile, including the flue. Improvements to Wood Burning Ovens Inventors began making improvements to wood burning stoves primarily to contain the bothersome smoke that was being produced. Fire chambers were invented that contained the wood fire, and holes were built into the top of these chambers so that cooking pots with flat bottoms could be placed directly upon replacing the cauldron. One masonry design of note was the 1735 Castrol stove (aka stew stove). This was invented by French architect Franà §ois Cuvillià ©s. It was able to completely contain the fire and had several openings covered by iron plates with holes. Iron Stoves Around 1728, cast iron ovens really began to be made in high quantities. These first ovens of German design were called Five-plate or Jamb stoves. Around 1800, Count Rumford (aka Benjamin Thompson) invented a working iron kitchen stove called the Rumford stove that was designed for very large working kitchens. The Rumford had one fire source that could heat several cooking pots.  The heating level for each pot could also be regulated individually. However, the Rumford stove was too large for the average kitchen and inventors had to continue to improve their designs. One successful and compact cast iron design was Stewarts Oberlin iron stove, patented in 1834. Cast iron stoves continued to evolve, with iron gratings added to the cooking holes, and added chimneys and connecting flue pipes. Coal and Kerosene Frans Wilhelm Lindqvist designed the first sootless kerosene oven. Jordan Mott invented the first practical coal oven in 1833. Motts oven was called the baseburner. The oven had ventilation to burn the coal efficiently. The coal oven was cylindrical and was made of heavy cast iron with a hole in the top, which was then enclosed by an iron ring. Gas British inventor  James Sharp patented a gas oven in 1826, the first semi-successful gas oven to appear on the market. Gas ovens were found in most households by the 1920s with top burners and interior ovens. The evolution of gas stoves was delayed until gas lines that could furnish gas to households became common. During the 1910s, gas stoves appeared with enamel coatings that made the stoves easier to clean. One important gas design of note was the AGA cooker invented in 1922 by Swedish Nobel prize winner Gustaf Dalà ©n. Electricity It was not until the late 1920s and early 1930s that electric ovens began to compete with gas ovens.  Electric ovens were available as early as the 1890s. However, at that time, the technology and distribution of the electricity needed to power these early electric appliances still needed improvements. Some historians credit  Canadian Thomas Ahearn with inventing the first electric oven in 1882. Thomas Ahearn and his business partner Warren Y. Soper owned the Chaudiere Electric Light and Power Company of Ottawa. However, the Ahearn oven was only put into service in 1892, in the Windsor Hotel in Ottawa. The Carpenter Electric Heating Manufacturing Company invented an electric oven in 1891. An electric stove was exhibited at the Chicago Worlds Fair in 1893. On June 30, 1896, William Hadaway was issued the first patent for an electric oven. In 1910, William Hadaway went on to design the first toaster made by Westinghouse, a horizontal combination toaster-cooker. One major improvement in electric ovens was the invention of resistor heating coils, a familiar design in ovens also seen in hotplates. Microwaves The microwave oven was a by-product of another technology. It was during a radar-related research project around 1946 that Dr. Percy Spencer, an engineer with the Raytheon Corporation, noticed something very unusual when he was standing in front of an active combat radar. The candy bar in his pocket melted. He began to investigate and soon enough, the microwave oven was invented.

Gary Ridgeway An American Serial Killer Who Has Made The Us

Gary Ridgeway an American serial killer who has made the U.S. panic in the start of the mid 1980’s and was sentenced in the year 2001. Ridgeway had an infatuation with prostitutes but still tried to live the Godly life he was trying to portray as well. He was undergoing various tribulations by killing the prostitutes after he had sexual intercourse with them it was an excitement to him. He always wanted to know what it would feel like to â€Å"kill someone† he once said and then chuckled right after. His physiological mind comes off in various vibes leaving you confused; but many looked and believed he was the â€Å"perfect neighbor†. In 1980 is when they started finding woman’s bodies and by 1986 they already found thirty six bodies believing Gary Ridgeway was a suspect but was not sentenced than. Much of his childhood along with what his household was like in his younger years, somewhat made him out to be the man he is today a â€Å"sexual homicide offender†. His interactions he had with his mother and father led him to be an angry child at times. His mother would dress and undress inappropriately in front of him causing him either to be sexually aroused or calling her a whore. While his father and he would engage in sexual activities which led Ridgeway to become interested in â€Å"necrophilia† becoming aroused by killing his victims. This than puts him in the category of psychological profiling and noticing how Gary Ridgeway reacts in his crimes he conducts reacting off the basic premise

The Truth in Perceptionan Exploration of The Glass Menagerie

The world is crafted through humanity’s perceptions, shaped by their shared experiences of the world, yet differentiated by each individual experience. Within The Glass Menagerie, by Tennessee Williams, the ideas of overwhelming truth, individual perceptions, and the flaws of humanity are all explored. Through the various characters, with a specific focus on Tom’s narration, Williams argues that the truth is only a subjective idea that is created through the perceptions of humankind, molded through humanity’s flaws. One of the greatest arguments in The Glass Menagerie is the concept that all human beings are imperfect; yet that is precisely what unites each person in civilization. Williams demonstrates this easily with his array of†¦show more content†¦While most people see love as a positive, beneficial experience, through their interactions, these characters have learned to see love as a way to reflect each other’s weaknesses. Through this exploration of flaws, Williams demonstrates how necessary it is for all humans to have a blemish, because each person then compensates for this imperfection in their perceptions. How a person is seen as wrong, flawed or imperfect, will undoubtedly shape how they view the world around them, as well as how others view them. â€Å"When people have some slight disadvantage, they cultivate other things to make up for it—develop charm—and vivacity—and—charm!† (Williams, Scene 2, 1788). It marks every experience a person endures. In this way, every human being’s perceptions are shaped by his or her flaws; it is how they make sense of the world around them. Through this use as a coping mechanism, it is clear that humans’ perceptions and illusions are better than reality itself, â€Å"she lives in a world of her own—a world of little glass ornaments†¦She plays old phonograph records and—that’s about all ( Scene 5, 1804). No matter which angle these flaws take, or how they manifest, it ultimately does not matter, because it is precisely the presence of those insecurities that unites all of humanity and allows for the common truth of man: working towards an understanding of each other. Within The Glass Menagerie,Show MoreRelatedThematic Comparison Of The Glass Menagerie And A Streetcar Named Desire1399 Words   |  6 PagesLiane Walls THTR 475C Dr. Ramirez Thematic Comparison of The Glass Menagerie and A Streetcar Named Desire Tennessee Williams is regarded as a pioneering playwright of American theatre. Through his plays, Williams addresses important issues that no other writers of his time were willing to discuss, including addiction, substance abuse, and mental illness. Recurring themes in William’s works include the dysfunctional family, obsessive and absent mothers and fathers, and emotionally damaged women

National Transportation Of The Elderly And Disabled Who...

Palm Tran CONNECTION is a division of Palm Tran, which is the source of public transportation for Floridians who are residents of Palm Beach County. Palm Tran Connections, also known as PTC, is responsible for the transportation of the elderly and disabled who live within county lines. Riders can pay three dollars and fifty cents to go from the most north point of Jupiter all the way to the Boca Raton Mall just above Deerfield Beach and Coral Springs. PTC is a â€Å"shared-ride, door-to-door, Para-transit service† (Palm Tran CONNECTION, 2012). PTC is an aide to the people who fall under the Americans with Disabilities Act of Nineteen-ninety. PTC contracts out all of their routes to second-party companies. Currently there are about four major†¦show more content†¦Section II – Background In 1990, the Americans with Disabilities Act was passed to ensure the equal treatment of persons with disabilities along with the elderly. The ADA of 1990 also forced public and private businesses to cater to the needs of these people by enabling them accessibility to all the things able-bodied people had access to. This meant anything from automatic doors, elevators, handicap parking, ramps and even public transportation. The Division of Senior Services and Transportation Disadvantage are state funded programs which provide monies for disabled and elderly people to participate in the program free of charge (Palm Tran CONNECTION, 2012). Although Safety was only founded in February of 2015, Sherrod has been an Operations Manager under PTC since the nineties. Sherrod first worked with a company by the name of Metro Transportations at the age of 23 where he was a bus driver. In an interview, Sherrod explained how he worked his way from the bottom up by watching his superiors and doing as they did (Sherrod, 2015). As Sherrod reminisced about â€Å"The good ole’ days†, he spoke about when he began leading others. He said, â€Å"Leading is about c onnecting with your peers, it is about making people be able to trust you and know that you have their best interest

Exam Notes Free Essays

Chapter 1- PRE MID Study Questions : 1) What are the challenges of working in the new economy 2) What are the organizations like in the new workplace? 3) Who are the managers and what do they do? 4) What is the management pricess? 5) How do you learn the essential managerial skills and competencies? Overview of the 21st century workplace -Organizations must adapt to rapidly changing society -Economy is global and driven by innovation and technology -High performing companies gain extraordinary results from people working for them -Interdependent, knowledge based STUDY QUESTION 1 Intellectual Capital- People are the ultimate foundations of organizational performance, it is the collective brainpower or shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create value. A knowledge worker adds to the intellectual capital of an organization. Globalization- National boundaries of world business have largely disappeared. We will write a custom essay sample on Exam Notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now Globalization is the worldwide interdependence of resource flows, product markets, and business competition that characterize the new economy. Technology- There is an increasing demand for knowledge workers with the skills to full utilize the technology such as (internet computers and information technology) Diversity- Workforce diversity reflects differenes with respect to gender, age, race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, and able bodiednes. Creates a diverse and multicultural workforce but challenges and offers opportunities to employers. Ethics- Code of moral principles, society requires business to operate according to high moral standards. Emphasis today is on restoring the strength of corporate governance. STUDY QUESTION 2 Some Critical skills for success in the workplace are; mastery, contacts, entrepreneurship, love of technology, marketing, passion for renewal. Organization- A collection of people working together to achieve a common purpose. Organizations provide useful goods and or services that return value to society and satisfy customer needs. Organizations are Open Systems- Composted of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a common purpose and interact with their environments. They transform resource inputs into product outputs(goods and services). Environmental feedback tells organization how well it is meeting the needs of customers and society. Organizational Performance- value is created when an organization’s operations ads value to the original cost of resource inputs. Value creation occurs when businesses earn a profit or nonprofit organizations add wealth to society. Organizational Performance -Productivity: an overall measure of the quantity and quality of work performance with resource utilization taken into account -Performance Effectiveness: An output measure of task or goal accomplishment -Performance Efficiency: An input measure of the resource costs associated with goal accomplishment Workplace changes that provide a context for studying management; belief in human capital, demise of â€Å"command and control†, emphasis on teamwork, Preeminence of technology, Embrace of networking, New workforce expectations, concern for work-life balance, focus on speed. STUDY QUESTION 3 Importance of human resources and managers; toxic workplaces that treat employees as costs, High performing organizations treat people as valuable strategic assets, managers must ensure that people are treated this way. Manager- a person in an organization who supports and is responsible for the work of others, they are the ones who help those whose tasks represent the real work of the organization. Levels of Management: a)Top Managers- responsible for performance of an organization as a whole or for one of its larger parts. b) Middle managers- in charge of relatively large departments or divisions. c) Project managers- coordinate complex projects with task deadlines d) Team Leaders or supervisors- in charge of a small work group of non-managerial workers. Reponsibilities of team leaders: Plan meetings and work schedules, clarify goals and tasks, and gather ideas for improvement, appraise performance and counsel team members, recommend pay raises and new assignments, recruit, develop and train team members, encourage high performance and teamwork, inform team members about organization goals and expectations, inform higher levels of work unit needs and accomplishments, co-ordinate with others teams and support the rest of the organization. Types of Managers: a)Line Managers: responsible for work activities that directly affect organizations outputs. )Staff managers: use technical expertise to advise and support the efforts of line workers c) Functional managers: responsible for a single area of an activity d) General managers: responsible for more complex units that include many functional areas. e) Administrators: work in public and nonprofit organizations. Managerial Performance and Accountability- accountability is the requirement o f one person to answer to a higher authority for relevant performance results. Effective managers fulfill performance accountability by helping others to achieve high performance outcomes and experience satisfaction in their work. Quality of work life (qwl) – an indicator of the overall quality of human experiences in the workplace. Some indicators are: fair pay, safe working conditions, opportunities to learn and use new skills, room to grow and progress into a career, protection of individual rights, pride in work itself and in the organization. High performing managers: build working relationships with others, help others develop their skills and performance competencies, foster teamwork, create a work environment that is performance driven and provides satisfaction for workers. The organization as an upside down pyramid: each individual is a value-added worker. A managers job is to support workers’ efforts. The best managers are known for helping and supporting. STUDY QUESTION 4 Management is the process of planning, organizing, leading and controlling the use of resources to accomplish performance goals. All managers are responsible for the four functions, and they are carried on continually. Functions of management a) Planning – the process of setting objectives and determining what actions should be taken to accomplish them. ) Organizing- the process of assigning tasks, allocating resources and arranging the coordinated activities of individuals and groups to implement plans c) Leading- the process of arousing people’s enthusiasm to work hard and direct their efforts to fulfill plans and accomplish objectives. d) Controlling- the process of measuring work performance, comparing results to objectives and taking corrective action as ne eded Managerial activities and roles a) Interpersonal roles- involve interactions with persons inside and outside the work unit b) Informational roles- Involve giving, receiving, and analyzing of information. ) Decisional Roles- involve using information to make decisions in order to solve problems or address opportunities Characteristics of managerial work: Managers work long hours, work at an intense pace, work at a fragmented and varied tasks, work with many commutation media, work largely though interpersonal relationships. Agenda setting- Development of action priorities for ones job, includes goals and plans that span long and short Networking- The process of building and maintaining positive relationships with people whose help may be needed to implement ones work agendas STUDY QUESTION 5 Essential managerial skills: Skill-the ability to translate knowledge into action that results in desired performance Technical skill- the ability to apply a special proficiency or expertise to perform particular tasks* lower level managers have more of this Human skill- the ability to work well in cooperation with others Conceptual skill- the ability to think critically and analytically to solve complex problems. * top level managers have more of this Managerial Competency- A skill-based capability that contributes to high performance in a management job. Managerial competencies are implicit in: Planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Informational, interpersonal, an decisional roles. Agenda setting and networking. Chapter 7-PRE MID Study Questions: 1) How is information technology changing the workplace? 2) What is the role of information in the management process? 3) How do managers use information to make decisions? 4) What are the steps in the decision-making process? 5) What are the current issues in managerial decision making? STUDY QUESTION 1 Knowledge and knowledge workers provide a decisive competitive factor in today’s economy. Intellectual Capital- shared knowledge of a workforce that can be used to create wealth * irreplaceable organizational resources* Electronic commerce- the process of buying and selling goods and services electronically through use of the internet. Implications if IT within organizations: Facilitation of communcation and information sharing, operating with fewer middle managers, flattening of organizational structures, faster decision making and increased coordination and control. How IT is changing the office: progressive organizations activiely use it to help achieve high performance in uncertain environments. Key developments in networked offices are instant messaging and peer to peer sharing (p2p) STUDY QUESTION 2 Data- raw facts and observations Information- Data made useful for decision making drives management functions Characteristics of useful info: timely, high quality, complete, relevant, understandable. Information system- Use of the latest IT to collect, organize and distribute data for use in decision making. Management Information System (MIS)- specifically designed to meet the information needs of managers in daily decision making. Decision to support syste (DSS)- An interactive information system that allows users to organize and analyze data for solving complex and sometimes unstructured problems. Group Decision Support System (GDSS)- facilitates group efforts to solve complex and unstructured problems. *use groupware Artificial Intelligence (AI)- computer systems with the capacity to reason the way people do. Expert Systems (ES)- Software systems that use AI to mimic the thinking of human experts. Managerial advantages of IT utilizations 1) Planning advantaes- better and more timely access to useful information, involving more people in planning. 2) Organizing advantages- more ongoing and informed communication among all parts of the organization, improved coordination and integration 3) Leading advantages- improved communication with staff and stakeholders, keeping objectives clear. 4) Controlling advantages- more immediate measure of performance results, allows real-time solutions to performance problems STUDY QUESTION 3 Performance deficiency- actual performance being less than desired performance Performance opportunity- actual performance being better than desired performance Problem Solving- the process of identifying a discrepancy between actual and desired performance and taking action to resolve it. Decision- a choice among possible alternative course of action. Programmed decisions- apply solutions that are readily available from past experiences to solve structured problems, these problems are ones that happen often and are familiar. Nonprogrammed decisions- develop novel solutions to meet the demands of unique situation that presents unstructured problems. Commonly faced by higher-level management Crisis Decision making – a crisis involves an unexpected problem that can lead to disaster if not resolved quickly and appropriately. Certain Environment- offers complete info about possible action alternatives and their outcomes Risk Environment- lacks complete info about action alternatives and their consequences, but offers some estimates of probabilities of outcomes for possible action alternatives. Uncertain Environments- Information is so poor that probabilities cannot be assigned to likely outcome of known action alternatives. Systematic v/s intuitive thinking- systematic thinking approaches problems in a rational step by step and analytical fashion. Intuitive thinking approaches problems in a flexible and spontaneous fashion. Multidimensional thinking applies both intuitive and systematic thinking. Effective multidimensional thinking requires skill at strategic opportunism. STUDY QUESTION 4 Decision making Process Step 1- Identify and define the problem: focuses on information gathering, info processing and deliberation. Decsion objectives should be established Step 2- Generate and evaluate possible solutions; potential solutions are formulated and more info is gathered, data are analyzed, the advantages and disadvantages of alternative solutions are identified. Step 3-decide on a preferred course of action; classical decision model managers act rationally in a certain world, managers face clearly defined problems and have complete knowledge of all possible alternatives and their consequences this results in an optimizing decision. OR behavioral decision model; managers act in terms of what they perceive about a given situation, recognizes limits to human information-processing capabilities, they will choose the first satisfactory alternative Step 4- Implement the decision solution; involves taking action to make sure the solution decided upon becomes a reality, managers need to have willingness and ability to implement action plans. Step 5- evaluate results; involves comparing actual and desired results, positive and negative consequences of chosen course of action should be examined. STUDY QUESTION 5 Availability Heuristic- people use information â€Å"readily available† from memory as a basis for assessing a current event or situation Representativeness Heuristic- People assess the likelihood of something happening based upon its similarity to a stereotyped set of occurrences Anchoring and adjustment Heuristic- People make decisions based on adjustments to a previously existing value or starting point. Ethics double check- any decision should follow this ethics rule ask yourself â€Å" how would I feel if my family found out about this decision? â€Å"how would I feel if this was published in the newspaper† *ethical decisions satisfy the following criteria : utility, rights, justice, caring. Chapter 2- POST MID Study Questions 1) what can be learned from classical management thinking? 2) What ideas were introduced by the human resource approaches? 3) What is the role of quantitative analysis in management? 4) What is unique about the systems view and contingency thinking? 5) What are the continuing management themes of the 21 century? STUDY QUSTION 1 Classical Approaches to management: 1) Scientific Management-(Frederick Taylor) Decelop rules of motion , standardized work implements and proper working conditions for every job. Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job. Carefully train workers and provide proper incentives. Support workers by carefully planning their work and removing obstacles. (The Gilbreths) Motion study, science of reducing a job or taskt to its basic physical motions. Eliminating wasted motions imporves performance. ) Administrative Principles ( Henri Fayol) – RULES OF MANAGEMENT a) foresight- co complete a plan of ation for the future b) organization- tp provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan c) coordination- to fit diverse efforts together and ensure information is shared and problems are solved. d) Control- to make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT a) Scalar chain- there should be a clear and unbrok en line of communication from the top to the bottom of the organization. ) Unity of command- each person should receive orders from only one boss c) Unity of direction- one person should be in charge of all activities with the same performance objective. MARY PARKER FOLLET Group and human cooperation; Groups are mechanisms through which individuals can combine their talents for a greater good, Organizations are cooperating communities of managers and workers. Mangagers job is to help people in the organization cooperate and achieve an integration of interests. Forward-looking management insights; making every employee an owner creates a sense of collective responsibility (precursor of employee ownership, profit sharing, an gain sharing). Business problems involve a variety of inter-related factors. Private profits relative to public good (precursor of managerial ethics and social responsibility) 3) Bureaucratic Organization (max Weber)- Bureaucracy is an ideal intentionally rational and very efficient form of organization. Based on principles of logic, order, and legitimate authority. Characteristics of Bureaucratic organizations : clear division of labor, clear hierarchy of authority, formal rules and procedures, impersonality, careers based on merit. STUDY QUESTION 2 Human resource approaches include : 1) Hawthorne Studies – initial tudy examined how economic incentives and physical conditions affected worker output. No consistent relationship found. â€Å"Psychological factors† influenced results. Relay assembly test room studies manipulated physical work conditions to assess impact on output, was designed to minimize the â€Å"psychological factors† of previous experiment. Factors that accounted for increased productivity : group atmosphere and participative supervision. Employee attitutes, interpersonal relations and group processes- some things satisfied some workers but not others, people restricted output to adhere to group norms. Lessons from the Hawthorne Studies: Social and human concerns are keys to productivity, hawthorne effect-people who are singled out for special attention perform as expected. 2) Maslows theory of human needs- a need is a physiological or psychological deficiency a person feels compelled to satisfy. Need levels: physiological, safety, social, esteem, self actualization. Deficit principle- a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior Progression principle- a need becomes a motivator once the preceding ower level need is satisfied. *Both principles cease to perate at a self actualization level 3) McGregors Theory X assumes that workers: dislike work, lack ambition, are irresponsible, resist change, prefer to be led. McGregors Theory Y assumes that workers are: willing to work, capable of self control, willing to accept responsibility, imaginative and creative, capable of self direction. Implications of Theory x and y : managers create self fulfilling prophecies, theory x managers create situations where workers become dependent and reluctant. Theory Y managers create situations where workes respond with initiative and high performance * central to notions of empowerment and self management 4) Argyris’s theory of adult personality – classical management principles and practices inhibit worker maturation and are inconsistent with the mature adult personality. Management practices should accommodate the mature personality by: increasing task responsibility, increasing task variety, using participative decision making. STUDY QUESTION 3 Management science (operations research) foundations – scientific application of mathematical techniques to management problems. Techniques and applications include: mathematical forecasting, inventory modeling, linear programming, queuing theory, network models, simulations. Quantitative analysis today- use of staff and specialists to help managers apply techniques, software and hardware developments have expanded potential quantitative applications to managerial problems. Good judgement and appreciation for human factors must accompany use of quantitatitve analysis. STUDY QUESTION 4 System-collection of interrelated parts that function together to achieve a common purpose. Subsytem- A smaller component of a larger system Open systems- organizations that interact with their environments in the continual process of transforming resource inputs to outputs. Contingency thinking- triest to match managerial respinses with problems and opportunities unique to different situations. * espically indicidual or environmental differences. No â€Å"one best way† to manage. Appropriate way to manage depends on the situation. STUDY QUESTION 5 Quality and performance excellence- managers and workers in progressive organizations are quality conscious. * wuality and competitive anaylsis are linked Total Qaulity Management (TQM) – Comprehensive approach to continupus quality improvement for a total organization, creates context for the value chain. Global Awareness- pressure for quality and performance excellence is created by a highly competitie global economy. Has promoted increasing intrest in new management concepts: process engineering, virtual organizations, Agile factories, network firms. Adoption of the theory Z management practices. Core Factors of a leraning Organization -mental models -personal mastery -systems thinking -shared vision -team learning In the 21st century managers must be Global strategists, masters of technology, inspiring leaders and models of ethical behaviour. How to cite Exam Notes, Essay examples

Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis free essay sample

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, some bacteria, and some protistans use the energy from sunlight to produce sugar, which cellular respiration converts into ATP, the fuel used by all living things. The conversion of unusable sunlight energy into usable chemical energy, is associated with the actions of the green pigment chlorophyll. Most of the time, the photosynthetic process uses water and releases the oxygen. Cellular respiration allows organisms to use (release) in the chemical bonds of glucose(C6H12O6). The energy in glucose is used to produce ATP. Cells use ATP to supply their energy needs. Cellular respiration is therefore a process in which the energy in glucose is transferred to ATP. In respiration, glucose is transferred to ATP. Oxidized and thus releases energy. Oxygen is reduced to form water. In Photosynthesis, plants use the suns energy as light to transform carbon dioxide and water into glucose. We will write a custom essay sample on Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In cellular respiration, glucose is ultimately broken down to yield carbon dioxide and water, and the energy from this process is stored as ATP molecules. The equation for photosynthesis is: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy 6O2 + C6H12O6 and cellular respiration is: 6O2 + C6H12O6 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy The reactants in the photosynthesis process stay on the left, they are 6 molecules of water (H2O) and 6 molecules of carbon dioxide. The products are 6 molecules of Oxygen and glucose. In the cellular respiration the reactants are 6 molecules of Oxygen and glucose, and the products are 6 molecules of water + 6 molecules of carbon dioxide. As we can see the cellular respiration is the opposite equation of the photosynthesis. All life depends on these reactions because we need oxygen, and this oxygen comes from the plants that releases it from photosynthesis. And we all need energy to function. We get this energy from the foods we eat. The most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is through cellular respiration.

McDonald in India free essay sample

McDonald is a world famous fast food chain restaurant. In California, the concept of McDonald was introduced by two brothers named Mac (Maurice) and Dick (Richard) McDonald. In 1940, the restaurant was renamed to McDonald’s Famous Barbeque from Airdrome restaurant (located near the airport), which was ran by their father, Patrick McDonald in 1937. In 1940, two brothers figured out most of the profit were coming from selling hamburger. Hence, they made their menu very simple by selling only hamburger, cheeseburger, soft drinks French fries and apple pie etc. In 1954, Ray Kroc a seller of multimixer milkshake brought a turning point in the history of McDonald. He liked the idea of McDonalds and started expanding their business by opening franchises for McDonalds. In 1960, McDonald’s advertising campaign â€Å"look for the golden arches† gave McDonald’s sale a big boost. 1965 Corporation went public and in 1968 McDonald opened its 1000th restaurant. By 2000’s, McDonalds entered into UK, New Zealand, Jerusalem and some Asian countries etc. We will write a custom essay sample on McDonald in India or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page McDonald’s had quite a long history in Asia. It entered the Japanese market in 1971, which as followed by entry into other newly industrializing economy such as Singapore and Hong Kong. McDonald’s entered into Into India in 1996. and its joint venture partners had opened 46 restaurants between 1995 and December 2002. They initially opened their restaurant in Mumbai and Delhi, where they can find the customers who could actually afford their food from expensive restaurant like McDonald. Later on McDonald extended their outlets all over India. Till now McDonald has been one of the leading fast food chain restaurant due to their innovation and diversification even after facing many ups and downs. 1.3. Market Share According to a report published by Crisil, the Indian unit of Standard Poor’s rating agency published that the fast-food segment will be worth 70 billion rupees ($1.1 billion) by 2014. The chain has one fifth of the market share in the Indian fast-food segment, while McDonald’s have just over 10% of it. 1.4. Industry size Today McDonald’s has more than 33000 outlets and is operating in 125 countries. It has 211 stores in India with over 250,000 customers visiting their outlets every day. 1.5. Major players India is a vast market for fast food industry and there are so many renowned fast food restaurants. Including McDonalds, the other major players of fast food restaurant in India are Subway, Nandos, Paramount, Dominos, Barista, Pizza Hut, Wimpy Bar, Pizza Corner and KFC etc. 1.6. Product serving (I shall write it) Objective – As a beef-based hamburger chain to achieve success in the unique cultural space of India, where most people prefer vegetarian foods and peoples food habits are dominated by regional food preferences. Acquire market share of middle-class and lower middle class segments in India by making its products available at an affordable price. I shall write Q:1. Q: 1: Discuss the main strategic and management issues that McDonalds had to consider to enter into India. To enter in the market McDonalds had to analyze the External environment. External Environment 1. Macro environment Technological Global Economic Political Socio-cultural Demographic Global 2. Industry structure Porter’s 5 forces 3. Strategic group mapping 4. Competitors analysis 5. Critical success factor Opu Bhai will write Q:2: Q: 2: Critically analyse its entry strategy in the Indian growing fast food industry. Anwar bhai will write Q:3 Q: 3: Identify the functional strategy that McDonalds pursued to establish its strong foothold and make India as an export based for cheese lettuce and other products. 1. Conclusion – Anwar bhai will write it 2 paragraph (Summery)†¦ 2. Recommendation Opu Bhai will write 3. Reference Opu Bhai will write (N.B. Avoid bullet points and incomplete sentence)†¦.!

How to Write an Entrance Essay - A Masters Degree Entry Essay Sample

How to Write an Entrance Essay - A Master's Degree Entry Essay SampleWriting an entrance essay is not easy for many students. Even if you are a freshman, you will most likely have some form of trouble trying to write an entrance essay because of the large number of topics that you must cover. This article will help you learn how to make your entrance essay a success.The first and most important element that you must know about is how to select your topic. One of the main things that you should do is to find out what your students' interests are and what they are passionate about. This way, you can start writing on what you can talk about in a good way and where you can talk about it in a good way.You will also want to keep in mind that some students are more apt to pick up topics that are related to their personal preferences. For example, if your class is on statistics, you might want to talk about questions about their interests. Even if they have a passion about another topic, you can always show them a picture or a video to get their ideas. If they don't, then it doesn't mean that you should go with the topic.After you know the subjects of your entrance essay, you will want to make sure that you are prepared. Some students may feel nervous to write an entrance essay since they may not be sure of how to format it properly. You should start by reading all of the material that you have and see how you can format the material in a good way. You can then take that information and rearrange it in a logical manner to make it easy for you to understand.You may need to go back and read some of the certain materials that you have written before and organize them in a certain way. You will want to keep in mind that most freshmen classes tend to use the same types of format that you have used. Once you know what you want to do, then you will know what to do.Writing your entrance essay should be a good idea for you because this is the first step that you will take to ge t a good job after graduation. Because there are so many different career options available, students are very encouraged to write essays about what they have learned throughout the semester. This will give them the confidence that they need and help them get a jump on their classmates.Before you put pen to paper, you will want to take a moment to make sure that you are prepared for your college entry essay. Don't just sit there thinking that you know everything about writing a college entrance essay. The entire process is going to be one of the hardest things that you will ever do in your life, so you should really do it well.

Zak Brooks Essays (580 words) - Education, Behavior Modification

Zak Brooks James J. Successful student essay 10:00 13 October 2017 Tips to be a successful college student Many students have only a small idea of what it takes to be successful in college. Most students could get by doing the minimum amount of work in high school, and get a big shock when they get to college and are failing classes. That's because college is not there to just help you and pass you along to something better, it is there to separate the overachievers from the underachievers. The key to be a successful college student is learning how to manage your studies and fun to make the of your time in college. A big part of being successful is learning proper study habits. If students learn early on how to properly study they will find doing well in classes becomes much less of a struggle, and takes a lot of stress off them. Many students do not realize it but studying can be fun; all you need to do is find a group of friends in your class that are willing to get together to form a study group. By finding a group of friends there will be other people to talk with and pass the time while studying, so it wont end up being so boring. Taking notes in class is a very important detail, as boring as it seems at the time to take notes; you will thank yourself when you are trying to study. Finally, if you have a question do not be afraid to go visit the professor, they will most likely be very happy to help you and they can often explain it much better in a one on one setting rather than with the whole class. The second part to being successful in college is being able to learn how to have a good time. Many students feel the need to put all their energy into their school work which will get very old and tiring after a while. You need to make sure that you have plenty of friends. The more friends that you have is just more people that you can talk too or go eat with so you are not always doing everything alone. Get out occasionally, you cannot spend all day just locked in your dorm studying. Go to a party Friday night, go somewhere on the weekend, go get hammered with your friends, just have a good time; make the most of it. It is okay to miss a class you usually get 3 absences, use them. If your friends ask you want to go do something and it seems fun, go do it you can always do something outside of class or get the notes but do not miss out on a good time because of a class. You need to be able to handle the school work, but you also need to be able to relax and have a good time. Many students are not fully prepared for the added challenges of college from those that they had in high School. It is important to make sure that you spend enough time on your studies as that is your main priority when you are at college. You also need to make sure that you incorporate time to have fun so you are not constantly studying your time away. College is meant to prepare you for a job, but also to go out into the real world on your own..

buy custom Insurance Contract essay

buy custom Insurance Contract essay Richard Vanderbrook vs. Unitrin Preferred Insurance Company A decision in this case is hinged on the clauses, conditions and warranties forming part of the policy under which the insured, Richard Vanderbrook is insured. The core subject which has affected the client is a flood which has occasioned the loss that the insured incurred. Therefore, a rigorous assessment of the ambiguity of the clause of flood exclusion in the policy is the main issue in determining an efficacious solution. Thus, there is a way based on some reasoning that will support a ruling in the plaintiffs favor or a contrary reasoning in the defendants favor. This assessment may rely largely on the way the term, flood is defined. It may be perceived in the favor of the plaintiff that the clauses touching on the exclusions of floods presented a lot of ambiguity since the term flood is actually vulnerable to two logical definitions: one that can state that floods occasioned by causes of nature alone and another that links floods occasioned by both causes of nature and intentio nal or negligent action. Based on such an ambiguity, the policy may be construed in favor of client to the insurance company. The defendants claim that the exclusions of flood in the policy unequivocally precludes any coverage for the losses occasioned by the flooding ased on the breached levees, not taking into account the breaching of the levees since they were negligently constructed, designed or improperly maintained can be challenged. Even though the term was not given a definition in the policy, the occurrence ensuing from the levees breach fit well within the commonly understood reference to which the term, flood makes. This is regardless of whether the cause was occasioned by a natural occurrence or not. The plaintiff therefore stands a right chance to claim compensation from the insurance company because floods occasioned the loss. The case can thus be on the favor of the plaintiff since there was no specific definition stating what floods referred to in the policy. The defendant, Unitrin Preferred Insurance Company however states in the policy that they offer coverage for risk involving direct physical loss realized in structures on the asset of the insured together with particular risks facilitating loss to individual property as far as the loss is not occasioned by an excluded peril. Therefore, the policy contains a flood exclusion through which the defendant can refer to in order to avoid liability. Thus, the defendant would re-state that it is clearly indicated on the policy that no insurance is provided for loss occasioned either directly of indirectly through any of the items as stated in the policy: water daamage referring to surface water, tidal water, water body overflow, flood, waves or a spray occasioned by any of these factors be it driven or not driven by wind. The defendant, the insurer makes and exclusion of such factors in spite of any other factor or occurrence which concurrently contributes or in any progression to the loss re alized. Well, the English definition of flood contemplates a natural occurrence resulting from either a tide or rain. Secondly, the interpretation of the exclusions of water damage within the ruptured mains of water together with the movements of the earth exclusions where a distinction can be applied to define unnatural and natural occurrences. Therefore, the court may reject any claims interpreting exclusions of floods as including water inundations occasioned by a dikes or a dams rapture. Looking at the ambiguity of the definition of flood, the case would turn out in favor of the defendant based on the claim that the policy given to the plaintiff covered damage by water occasioned by a ruptured levee in a case where the rupture was occasioned by the inadequate construction, maintenance or design of the levee. This reasoning would see the insurer (defendant) win the case in which the insured succumbed to a loss of property occasioned by the Hurricane Katrina Storm. Buy custom Insurance Contract essay